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		<title>North Central New Publications</title>
		<link>http://ncrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/</link>
		<description>The Five Newest Publications from The North Central Research Station</description>
		<language>en-us</language>
		<lastBuildDate>Sat, 21 Nov 2009 18:00:02 CDT</lastBuildDate>
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				<title><![CDATA[Growth and yield of red pine in the Lake States]]></title>
				<link>http://ncrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/9031</link>
				<description><![CDATA[This review examines the entire portfolio of active and inactive red pine growth and yield studies maintained by the USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station and several of its cooperators. The oldest studies date back to the mid-1920s. Available for analysis are 31 experiments and sets of monitoring plots in both planted and natural forests. These contain 3,671 individual growth estimates, 10 times more than previously available. From this dataset is an analysis of stand and tree growth responses and mortality in relation to age, site index, stand density, thinning methods, and other silvicultural factors. A growth and yield model (RP2005) provides a computer-based means to estimate growth and yield and to weigh the consequences of various silvicultural and financial alternatives through time. The analysis then examines the reliability of the prediction model, including comparisons with independent data sets. Appendices describe the database, provide an introduction to RP2005, present the mathematical relationships underlying the model, and define terms.]]></description>
				<pubDate>Tue, 20 Mar 2007 15:56:17 CDT</pubDate>
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				<title><![CDATA[Simulated sensitivity of seasonal ozone exposure in the Great Lakes region to changes in anthropogenic emissions in the presence of interannual variability]]></title>
				<link>http://ncrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/5921</link>
				<description><![CDATA[A coupled meteorological and chemical modeling system with a 12-km horizontal grid spacing was used to simulate the evolution of ozone over the Great Lakes region between May and September of 1999 and 2001. The overall temporal and spatial variations in hourly ozone concentrations and ozone exposure from control simulations agreed reasonably well with the observations at most locations with an overall monthly bias computed across all stations ranging from -3.2 to 5.3 ppb, the root mean square difference ranging from 18.2 to 22.2 ppb, and an index of agreement ranging from 0.63 to 0.78. As with the observations, the simulated ozone exposure was higher during most months of the summer of 1999 than during 2001. Sensitivity simulations that increased anthropogenic trace gas emissions were performed to determine the changes in ozone exposure in the presence of meteorological interannual variability. The emission scenario simulations that employed the meteorological conditions of 1999 and increased anthropogenic emissions of NO<i>x</i> and VOCs produced increases in ozone exceeding 80 ppb over the lower peninsula of Michigan, the eastern half of the upper peninsula of Michigan, and over Ontario just north of Lake Superior and Lake Huron. Over the agricultural regions, more ozone between 60 and 80 ppb was produced. The cooler and wetter conditions with more frequent periods of northwesterly flow during the summer of 2001 were not as favorable for ozone production and did not result in increased ozone, despite the increase in anthropogenic emissions. Increases in ozone exceeding 60 ppb occurred only over the lake surfaces and in central Michigan when the meteorological conditions of the summer of 2001 were applied. For both summers, increases in anthropogenic emissions decreased ozone exposure in the immediate vicinity of the largest metropolitan areas. Since anthropogenic emission rate projections depend on assumptions of population, economic development, land-use patterns, and technology, the effect of anthropogenic emission rates on the magnitude and regional-scale distribution of ozone concentrations could be much larger or smaller than indicated by this study. In a subsequent study, the simulated ozone will be used as input to biological models to assess the response of ozone-sensitive tree species in the Great Lakes region to ozone levels produced by various anthropogenic emission scenarios.]]></description>
				<pubDate>Tue, 19 Sep 2006 11:12:44 CDT</pubDate>
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				<title><![CDATA[A Comparison of Alternative Strategies for Cost-Effective Water Quality Management in Lakes]]></title>
				<link>http://ncrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/5901</link>
				<description><![CDATA[Roughly 45% of the assessed lakes in the United States are impaired for one or more reasons. Eutrophication due to excess phosphorus loading is common in many impaired lakes. Various strategies are available to lake residents for addressing declining lake water quality, including septic system upgrades and establishing riparian buffers. This study examines 25 lakes to determine whether septic upgrades or riparian buffers are a more cost-effective strategy to meet a phosphorus reduction target. We find that riparian buffers are the more cost-effective strategy in every case but one. Large transaction costs associated with the negotiation and monitoring of riparian buffers, however, may be prohibiting lake residents from implementing the most cost-effective strategy.]]></description>
				<pubDate>Fri, 15 Sep 2006 15:40:07 CDT</pubDate>
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				<title><![CDATA[North Dakota's forest resources in 2005]]></title>
				<link>http://ncrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/5880</link>
				<description><![CDATA[This report completes the first 5 years of the annual forest inventory in North Dakota and presents estimates of forest area, volume, and biomass for 2005. It is part of the national effort of annual forest inventory authorized by the 1998 Farm Bill. Sine the third forest inventory, in 1994, total forest land area has increased by 51,000 acres. Private forest land ownership represents more than two-thirds of the total forest land area. Hardwoods make up the majority of forest land acreage within the State, and softwoods represent approximately 5.8 percent of the total forested acreage. The net volume of growing stock on timberland is estimated at 366.8 million cubic feet--a 50-percent increase since the 1980 estimate of 243.7 million cubic feet.]]></description>
				<pubDate>Sat, 9 Sep 2006 07:59:05 CDT</pubDate>
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				<title><![CDATA[Wisconsin's forest resources in 2004]]></title>
				<link>http://ncrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/5763</link>
				<description><![CDATA[Results of the 2000-2004 annual inventory of Wisconsin show about 16.0 million acres of forest land, more than 22.1 billion cubic feet of live volume on forest land, and nearly 593 million dry tons of all live aboveground tree biomass on timberland. Populations of jack pine budworm are increasing, and it remains a significant pest in Wisconsin forests. A complete report including more detailed analyses and the final results of the fifth inventory of Wisconsin's forest resources will be published later as a companion to this report.]]></description>
				<pubDate>Thu, 24 Aug 2006 10:29:42 CDT</pubDate>
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